轮机操作的职业有害因素危险等级与职业健康损害程度的关联

Study on the Correlation between Occupational Hazards in Ship Eneine Room and the Degree of Health Harm of Operational Staff

[目的]研究不同轮船机舱作业岗位职业有害因素危险等级及其与职业健康损害程度的关联。[方法]采用国际通用的危险评估技术对4个轮机操作岗位进行了职业有害因素危险等级评估;依据国家职业健康评价规范对评估岗位的312名作业人员进行了职业健康损害调查;运用流行病学及数理统计方法进行数据分析。[结果]研究范围内轮机作业的职业有害因素危险等级评估为Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级,属显著危险需要改善;上述等级分组的危险暴露人群职业健康损害评价结果显示:血压异常、听力异常、数项健康异常并存(主要含心电图异常),组间差异显著。[结论]不同等级的轮船机舱操作的职业有害因素危险与作业人员的血压升高幅度、听力损伤程度、听力异常及多种疾患并存的发生均有程度不同的正相关。

[ Objective ] To study the correlation between occupational hazards in ship engine room at different operating post and the degree of the health harm of operational staff. [ Methods ] Occupational hazards at 4 operating posts in ship engine room were identified with the method of risk assessment. Occupational health surveillance of 312 operational staff was conducted. Data were analyzed with the methods of epidemiology and statistics. [Results ] Grades of occupational risk in ship engine room were Ⅱ and Ⅲ, the highest degree of risk needed to be controlled. There were significant differencesin incidences of high blood pressure, hearing lose and abnormal index in cardiovascular system among those operators at different post in ship engine room. [Conclusion ] There was positive correlation between occupational hazards in ship engine room and the degree of health harm of operational staff.