低内阻炭基双电层电容器的实验研究

Experimental Research on Double Layer Capacitor of Low Internal Resistance

双电层电容器是能量密度和功率密度介于电池和传统静电电容器间的新型储能元件。但内阻过大限制了其应用范围。当用作大功率电源时,必须降低其等效串联内阻(ESR)。该文通过建立数学模型,从理论上分析了双电层电容器ESR的形成原因,得出双电层电容器的ESR主要由引线、集电极和极化电极的电阻、电解液的电阻及极化电极与集电极之间的接触电阻组成。降低电容器内阻,应降低上述电阻。通过交流阻抗谱试验证明了理论分析和数学模型的正确性。同时,通过试制电容器样品,研究了极化电极、电解液、集电极、隔膜对其ESR的影响,并探讨了双电层电容器的串并联特性。

Double layer capacitor（EDLC） is a novel energy storage component with higher energy density than electrostatic capacitor and higher power density than battery. When used as power system, high equivalent series resistance （ESR）, which is one of the hard nuts, need to be figured ont. Through establishment of theoretic model,this paper firstly draws origination of ESRof EDLC coming from resistance of electrode, electrolyte, collector, seperator and conductor together with interface resistance between collector and electrode,which is proved to be correct by measuring result of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. After that, through several experiments of sample of EDLC ,influence of electrode, electrolyte, collector , seperator and conductor upon ESR is analyzed. At last, methods of reducing internal resistance of EDLC is put forward.