战后日本林业政策分析

Analyses of Japanese Forestry Policy after World War Ⅱ

战后日本的森林得到了迅速的恢复，现在日本的森林面积2515万hm^2，森林覆盖率达67％远高出世界平均水平。日本政府从20世纪50年代开始大规模人工造林，到1983年森林面积达到2527万hm^2。占后日本政府林业政策分为四个阶段：1946—1954年恢复性林业政策，1955-1960年经济高速发展期林业政策，1961以后的促进木材贸易政策，70年代后半期开始重视森林生态功能新林业政策。在新林业政策中，主要增加防护林面积，完善保护机制；重新审视人工林与天然林的功能加强天然林保护；实行分类管理。将国有林分为水土保持林、占50％，共生林用来维特生态平衡，占30％，可持续利用林。

After World War Ⅱ, the forest in Japan was restored rapidly. And the level of the forestry and forest coverage in Japan is higher than that of the world average. According to research in developing country＇s modernization process, the common law is that the economic rapid development of developing countries is often accompanied with the destruction of the natural resources and environment, However, Japanese economy is developing rapidly and the forest resources also are restored and developed after the war. In order to give some references for our national forestry construction, this paper summarized Japanese experiences by analyzing the relationship between Japanese forestry policy and forest resource development after World War Two.