山区道路泥石流滑坡活动特征与分布规律

Activity Characters and Distribution Rule of Debris Flow and Landslide Along Mountain Roads

我国山区地质地貌条件复杂,有利于灾害的形成,道路沿线泥石流滑坡广泛分布,活动频繁,危害严重。从道路展线和路基条件等方面,分析了山区道路特别是沿河道路的易损性;通过分析以往泥石流滑坡对公路、铁路的危害实例,总结出山区道路泥石流滑坡的危害方式,主要有危害路基路面、冲毁道路桥梁、淤埋道路设施、弯道超高和漫流改道、阻塞河道引发次生灾害等;分析了道路泥石流滑坡的活动特征,发现道路泥石流滑坡的分布规律主要表现为地带性、集中性、地段性和坡向差异性。这种认识能为山区道路工程建设和山区交通安全保障,提供减灾的背景资料和科学依据。

In China, debris flow and landslide （DFL） occur frequently with wide range and have caused serious damages to mountain roads. In this paper, the vulnerability of mountain roads, especially those along rivers, is analyzed in respects of the location and roadbed. The main types of DFL are summarized through analysis of recorded damages, which include damages to the bed and surface of road, destruction to road and bridge, burial of road structures, superelevation at bend, overflow and diversion, and obstruction of channel. In addition, zonality, concentricity, section and discrepancy of aspect of slope, as the main distribution rule of DFL in mountain road, are discovered through analysis of activity characters of DFL. As a result, the above achievement would provide background information and scientific basis to road engineering construction and traffic safe in mountainous area.