湿地生态旅游开发的关注视角——以扎龙自然保护区为例

Attention-Getting Perspectives of Wetland Ecotourism Exploitation——A Case of Zhalong Wetland

生态旅游以其生态和环保特性成为湿地资源的一种有效的开发方式。在分析湿地生态旅游研究概况和中国湿地生态旅游发展的基础上,提出了开展湿地生态旅游的关注视角:关注湿地价值构成;关注湿地生态旅游受益群体;关注湿地生态旅游开发规模;关注湿地生态旅游管理模式。对扎龙湿地生态旅游开发进行了实证研究。

As the kidney of the earth, wetland provides the tremendous ecological value, economic value and social value for human, and is one of the most important living environments for human. However, the unreasonable exploitation causes wetland declining and degeneration of wetland environment. In order to solve the deteriorated status of wetland exploitation, the sustainable patterns of wetland exploitation has been seaking. Ecotourism becomes the focus of wetland exploitation by right of the unique functions of ecology and protecting environment. Under the background, based on the analysis of the study situation of wetland ecotourism and the development of wetland ecotourism in China, this paper pointed out the existent problems of wetland ecotourism exploitation which include being short of the comprehensive wetland valuation, adopting the rigid exploitation patterns, ignoring of exploitation scale control, constructing no effective or unreasonable supervisory patterns. On the view of these problems, and put forward the attention - getting perspectives of wetland ecotourism exploitation for realizing the sustainable development of wetland ecotourism. In detail , it is pointed out that we should pay attention to the elements of wetland value,to the different stakeholders of wetland ecotourism,to the exploitation scale of wetland ecotourism and the supervisory patterns of wetland ecotourism. Furthermore, in evaluating wetland value, how many proportions of the tourism value accounting for the total values should be confirmed in order to approve whether wetland tourism is feasible or not. Then results indicated that the relationships of different stakeholders should be discussed, and the policy of distributing tourism value should be established on the basis of the moral consideration. In this way, wetland ecotourism just may runs smoothly. The restults also showed that the high qualities of wetland were the premise and indispensable conditions of wetland ecotourism. Therefore, the core question was the harmony of protection and exploitation, in another word, the exploitation scale of wetland ecotourism must be controlled within range of wetland carrying capacity. At last, the directional responsibility model of wetland management was introduced to attain the sustainable wetland development and balance benefits among the different stakeholders. Zhalong Wetland is a national nature reserve which provides the unique wetland ecology system for the treasured water fowls especially the famous Red - crown Cranes, and it is rich in the tourism resources. Zhalong Wetland was taken as a case study and explored the attention -getting perspectives in exploiting Zhalong Wetland ecotourism. This research was regarded as a typical example to providing references for other wetland areas.