北京市农村地区0～6岁儿童伤害状况分析

Analysis of 0～6 Year-old Child Injury in Rural Area of Beijing

目的了解北京市农村地区0-6岁儿童伤害发生的现状和疾病负担，探讨家庭安全隐患对儿童伤害的影响，为实施干预措施提供理论依据。方法采用多级整群抽样方法，对平谷区3个镇53个行政村和25个幼儿园的2 558名0-6岁儿童进行伤害状况调查及家庭安全状况观测。结果平谷区0-6岁儿童非致命性伤害发生率为6.45%，伤害发生的高峰为2岁年龄段，男女性别比为1.50∶1。伤害类型前5位依次为跌伤（38.18%）、动物咬伤（27.88%）、烧烫伤（15.15%）、锐器伤（5.45%）和被下落物击中伤（3.03%）。伤害主要发生在夏、秋季。伤害医疗费用支出平均为708.09元。大多数家庭存在5-14个安全隐患，家庭安全隐患越多，儿童伤害发生率越高。结论北京市农村0-6岁儿童伤害情况较为严重，并给家庭及社会造成严重的经济负担，应该针对儿童伤害的危险因素，制定干预措施，减少儿童伤害的发生。

Objective To observe the epidemiological characteristic of childhood injuries aged 0 - 6 years in rural area of Beijing and to evaluate the hidden risk factors in families. Method A total of 2 558 children aged 0 - 6 years in 53 villages and 25 kindergartens were investigated on status of child injury and family risk factors by cluster sampling method. Results The incidence rate of non - fatal injuries was 6.45 % among children aged 0 - 6 years and peaked in 2 - year - old children. The sexual proportion of male to female is 1 .50：1 .The first five kinds of child injuries are unintentional fall （38.18%）, pet bite （27.88%）, bum or scald （ 15. 15% ）, injury by sharp article （5.45%）, struck/hit by falling objects （3.03%）. Childhood injuries occurred mostly in summer and autumn.The average medical expense for injury treatment was RMB 708.09 Yuan.Most families had 5 - 14 hidden risk factors.And the more the family had risk factors, the higher the rate of child injury was. Conclusion Childhood injuries severely affected children health in rural areas of Beijing, causing heavy economic burden to both family and society.Injury prevention and control program should be carried out to reduce childhood injuries in the rural areas.