对食物中毒应急策略的研究

Study on Emergency Strategy of Food Poisoning

目的规范基层食物中毒的现场调查工作程序与方法。方法研究剖析发达国家和地区食物中毒调查处理方法,破解食物中毒现场流行病学调查的难点和关键点,编写培训教材并全员培训,制定食物中毒调查处理规范、调查处理质量考核标准,推行食物中毒首席调查员制度。结果食物中毒质量保证体系的核心是严格实行首席调查员制度;食物中毒现场调查处理工作规范要包括电话记录质量、应急应变速度、准备工作情况、质量保证体系、流行病学调查能力、现场卫生学调查和控制能力、统计分析和电脑操作能力、调查报告撰写能力等8个方面内容,同时制定了配套的质量考核标准;食物中毒调查处理分类管理体制要建立肇事地调查制度、现场指导制度和上下联动制度;食物中毒调查处理长效管理体制要建立模拟演习制度、专题研讨制度和考核评优制度。结论学习发达国家和地区食物中毒调查处理工作方法、实行首席调查员制度是食物中毒调查处理工作的重中之重。

Objective To build up the advanced method of investigation and treatment of food poisoning. Method The methods of investigation and treatment of food poisoning in the developed countries and regions were researched to solve the key problems of field epidemiology. The working guidebook was compiled, the working standardization was worked out and the leading investigator system was put into practice. Results It is very important to put the leading investigator system into practice. The working standardization should include the following aspects, such as phone record quality, emergency speed, preparation, quality control system, epidemiological investigation, on- the- spot hygienic investigation and control, statistical analysis and application of computer, writing of report, and qualified assess criterion. The classify management system and permanent management system should be built up. Conelusion The key to the emergency strategy of food poisoning lies in learning from the developed countries and putting the lead investigator system into practice.