野生及人工养殖中华鲟幼鱼肌肉营养成分的比较

Comparison of nutritive components in muscles between wild and farmed juveniles of Chinese sturgeon Acipenser sinensis

对野生及人工养殖中华鲟幼鱼的肌肉营养成分和营养品质进行了分析比较。结果表明:野生中华鲟幼鱼肌肉中水分、粗蛋白和粗灰分含量均显著高于人工养殖中华鲟(P<0.05),而粗脂肪含量显著低于人工养殖中华鲟(P<0.05)。野生和人工养殖中华鲟幼鱼的氨基酸组成基本一致,均含有18种氨基酸,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)分别为72.02、66.21,其构成比例符合联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)的标准。脂肪酸中二十碳五烯酸(EPA)与二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)的含量野生中华鲟显著高于人工养殖中华鲟(P<0.05),分别为22.99%、7.15%。矿物质含量丰富,微量元素含量野生中华鲟明显高于人工养殖中华鲟。

This paper briefly compares the nutritive components and nutritional quality in muscles between wild and farmed juveniles of the Chinese sturgeon Acipenser sinensis. The results showed that moisture content, crude protein, crude fat and crude ashin fresh muscles of the wild and the farmed stocks were 81.44% ± 0.74%, 80.48% ± 0.52%, 17.23% ± 0.21%, 16.28% ±0.16%, 0.36% ±0.01%, 1.10% ±0.07%, 1.19% ±0.03%, 1.11% ±0.01% respectively. The moisture, crude protein and crude ash contents in the muscle of the wild juveniles were significantly higher than that of the farmed juveniles （P 〈 0.05）, while crude fat content in the muscle of the farmed juveniles was significantly higher than that of the wild juveniles （ P 〈 0.05）. Eighteen kinds of amino acids were identified in muscles of the two groups i.e. , 8 essential amino acids （Thr, Val, Met, Phe, lie, Leu, Lys and Trp） , 2 half-essential amino acids （His and Arg） and 8 nonessential amino acids （Asp, Glu, Ser,Gly, Ala, Tyr, Cys and Pro）. The contents of total amino acids （ WTAA ）, total essential amino acids （ WEAA ）, total half-essential amino acids （ WHEAA）, total nonessential amino acids （ WNEAA ） in dry samples from the wild and the fanned stocks were 86.02% ±2.77%, 80.45% ±0.96%; 36.87% ± 1.32%, 33.99% ±0.43%; 8.11% ± 0.28%, 7.50% ±0.28%; 41.03% ± 1.30%, 38.96% ± 0.67% respectively. In dry samples, the Ser, Tyr, Cys, Asp, Arg, lie, Leu, Lys, Thr, Val and Trp content in the muscle of the wild stocks was significantly higher than that of the farmed stocks （ P 〈 0.05）. The content of WTAA, WEAA, WHEAA and WNEAA in the muscle of the wild was significantly higher than that of the farmed fish （ P 〈 0.05）. The essential amino acids index （EAAI） was 72.02 and 66.21 respectively and the constitutional rate of the essential amino acids （EAA） met the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations （FAO） /Word Health Organization （WHO） Standard. According to nutrition evaluation, in the amino acids score （AAS） and chemical score （CS）, the limited amino acids of the wild and the farmed juveniles both were Trp and Met ＋ Cys. There were 6 saturated fatty acids （SFA）, 6 mono-unsaturated fatty acids （MUFA） and 9 poly unsaturated fatty acids （PUFA） in the muscle of the wild stocks, while there were 9 SFA, 5 MUFA and 7 PUFA in the muscle of the farmed stocks. The percentage of SFA, MUFA and PUFA in the fatty aids of between the wild and the farmed stocks were 43.79% ± 1.76%, 29.11% ± 1.06% ; 20.23% ±0.51%, 32.61% ± 1.24% ; 35.98% ± 1.81%, 38.28% ± 2.19% respectively. The amount of EPA ＋ DHA, （ω3 poly unsaturated fatty acids （ω3PUFA）, ω6 poly unsaturated fatty acids （ω6PUFA） in fatty acids was 22.99% ± 0.45%, 7.15% ± 1.02% ; 23.67% ±0.57%, 9.81% ±1.47% ; 11.39% ±1.04%, 27.92% ± 0.76% respectively. The amount of EPA ＋ DHA, ω3PUFA in the muscle of wild juveniles was significantly higher than that of the farmed juveniles （ P 〈0.05）. The amount of ω6PUFA in the muscle of the wild juveniles was significantly lower than that of the farmed juveniles （ P 〈 0.05）. In dry samples, minerals such as Ca, Mg and trace elements such as Zn, Fe, Se in the muscle of the wild juveniles were much richer than that of the farmed juveniles. The present study indicates that the nutritive components of the wild and the farmed juveniles were similar. They both are full of amino acids, fatty acids and minerals, but by comparing the amount of TAA, EAA, HEAA, NEAA, EAAI, EPA ＋ DHA, ω3PUFA and minerals trace element, the conclusion is reached that the nutritive components of the wild juveniles are better than those of the farmed juveniles of Acipenser sinensis [ Acta Zoologica Sinica 53 （3）： 502-510, 2007].