中学师生内隐智力观的发展研究

DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS AND STUDENTS′ VIEW ON IMPLICIT THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE

采用半结构式访谈调查与问卷调查相结合的方法,对中学师生的内隐智力观进行了研究。结果发现:在对聪明男女中学生重要特征的评定中,中学教师对于智力的理解多集中于与认知有关的因素,并且评价所涉及到的方面随被评价对象年龄增长而调整;中学生对于智力的理解多集中于与人际交往有关的因素,并且随着年龄增长表现出更加看重内在特征的趋势;中学教师与中学生的内隐智力观存在一致性,主要表现为他们对聪明特征的评定因被评价对象的年龄和性别不同而变化,也存在一定的差异,具体为教师和学生强调的方面有所不同。

A semi-structured interview and questionnaire method were used to explore the implicit theories of intelligence among teachers and school students. The results indicated that： （1） teachers attached greater importance to the characteristics related cognition, and took higher criteria to senior middle school students. （2） Students paid much attention to the factors regarded interpersonal communication, and the conception of students from senior middle school was more profound than those from junior middle school. （3） The views on the implicit theories of intelligence were similar between teachers and students, which varied depending on the age and gender of the students. However, teachers and students emphasized particularly on diverse aspects of the intelligent characteristics.