“干湿”义反义词聚合演变研究

A Study on the Evolvement of Antonym Aggregation about Gan(干) and Shi(湿)

东汉前“燥-湿”是“干湿义”反义词聚合的主导成员。汉魏南北朝“干-湿”使用开来,“燥-湿”保持强势。唐宋“干”至少在北方口语中战胜了“燥”,“干-湿”成了至少流行于北方口语的反义词。元明清“干”跃升为主导词,“干-湿”也跃升为主导反义聚合词。“干”类词和“干湿”义反义词聚合的演变几乎同步,前者迅速影响和带动了后者。“燥”核心义位的变化是促使反义词聚合调整的主要原因。

Before Eastern Han（汉） dynasty, Zao（燥）-Shi（湿） is the leading member of the antonym aggregation about Gan（干） and Shi（湿）. During Six dynasties, Gan（干）-Shi（湿） began using in spoken language. During Tang（宋） and Song（宋） dynasties, Gan（干） wan Zao（湿） at least in spoken tongue of the north, Gan（干）-Shi（湿） also ran to use there. To Yuan（元） Ming（明） and Qing（清） dynasties, Gan（干）-Shi（湿） ran to the main member of the antonym aggregation. The involvement of the aggregation of Gan（干）/Zao（燥） synchronized with that of the antonym aggregation about Gan（干） and Shi（湿）, the former influenced and drove the later. The change of the core meaning of Zao（燥） is the main cause of urging the antonym aggregation to regulate.