1Eisenhammer S. The internal anal sphincter and anorectal abscess. S. G. O,1956,103-201.
2Parks AG. Pathogenesis and treatment of fistula-in-ano. Br J Med, 1961,5224:463.
3Goligher JC. A critique of anal glandular infection in aetiology and treatment of idiopathic anorectal abscesses and fistulas. Br J Surg, 1969,54 : 977.
4Ramanujam PS. Perianal abcesses and fistulas: A study of 1023 patients. Dis Colon Rectum, 1984,27 : 593.
5Read DR, Abcarian H. A Prospective survey of 474 patients with anorectal abscess. Dis Colon Rectum, 1979,22:566.
6Tucker CC, Hellwig CA. Anal ducts, comparative and developmental histology. Arch Surg, 1935,31: 521.
7Shafik A. A new concept of the anatomy of the anal sphinc- ter mechanism and the physiology of defecation. X. Anorectal sinus and band: Anatomic nature and surgical significance. Dis Colon Rectum, 1935,31:521.
8Klosterhalfen B, Offner F,Vgel P,et al. Anatomic nature and Surgical significance of anal sinus and intramuscular gland. Dis Colon Rectum, 1991,34 : 156.
9Sewo-Chaen F. Anal fistula. Br J Surg, 1992,79 : 197.
10Kuster GG. Relationship of anal gland to lymphat. Dis Colon Rectum, 1965,8:329.
