尾闾河道及海域整体冲淤数学模型研究

Integrated model for simulating the sediment transport and river bed evolution in lower reaches of Yellow River in the area of river mouth

针对黄河下游水少沙多和河口淤积延伸速度快的特点，本文建立了一套包括一维河道和二维海域、适用于多沙河口的整体泥沙冲淤数学模型。模型建立在高含沙的不平衡输沙理论上，采用动边界和动床阻力技术，模型可同时考虑径流、潮流及波浪等多种动力因素共同作用，可用于尾闾河道冲淤、河口泥沙输移扩散和河口演变计算。本文应用二维模型计算了整个渤海的潮汐过程，得到几个主要分潮的同潮图，计算与实测值符合良好。用1983年汛后至1996年汛前艾山-口门河道地形资料、1996年6—10月和1996年10月-2000年10月的海区地形资料对一、二维连接模型进行了验证。计算结果给出的黄河下游河道的淤积延伸过程、河道水位、河道及海区冲淤量和流路河长延伸等均与实测值基本一致，证实了模型的可靠性。

The integrated model consisted of a 1-D model for describing the evolution of fiver and a 2-D model for calculating the flow and sediment transport in the area of fiver mouth and estuary is developed. The theory for unbalance transportation of hyper-concentrated flow is applied and the techniques of moving boundary and resistance of movable riverbed are adopted. In the model, the sediment transport and evolution of fiver mouth under the combining actions of runoff, tidal current and waves are simultaneously considered. The validity of the tidal flow calculated by the 2-D model is verified by the observation data of the Bohai Sea, and the feasibility of the combination of 1-D model with 2-D model is demonstrated by the existing topography in sea area. The calculated extending process of fiver, variation of fiver water level, sedimentation and erosion in fiver channel and sea area are in good agreement with the observation data.