生命义名词的语义特征分析

On the Relationship among the Noun of Life Meaning, the Spatial Meaning and the Behavior Characteristics

从名词加量词角度分析,汉语中“生命义”名词有其独特的表现形式,“生命义”名词一般能带个体量词,但绝对不能带度量词,另外所搭配动词是“自主”动词的典型形式,它的所指是强“个体性”、有较高生命意志的事物。倾向于加个体量词与绝对不能加度量词,已初步成为“生命义”名词的形式“标签”;事物生命的本质就是事物的强“个体性”,名词的“生命义”与名词在“空间义”方面的强“个体性”特征相对应,以及与强“自主”的行为性特征相对应;“生命义”、强“个体”义、强“自主”义,是一种跨越了词类层级的、而在语法的释义世界中自成系统的、具有相随性的一组意义。

In view of the nouns plus classifiers in modem Chinese language, the noun with ＂life meaning＂ has its uniquely expressive mode. Generally speaking, the noun with life meaning can be modified by the individual classifier but not the measurement classifier, and that the collocated verb of the noun is the typical type of the autonomous verb with this noun referring to the object with strong individuality and strong life will. Thus, the tendency of nouns plus the individual classifiers instead of the measurement classifiers has labeled of the noun with life meaning, and the essence of the object＇ s life is its strong individuality with noun＇ s life meaning corresponding to the strong individuality of the noun in its spatial meaning and the characteristics of strong autonomous behavior. In addition, the ＂life mean- ing＂, strongly individual meaning and autonomous meaning are a group of meanings, which surpass the word classes and become systematic and consistent in the grammar.