桥式交叉游离组织移植修复肢体组织缺损

CROSS-BRIDGE VASCULAR ANASTOMOSIS FREE TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION IN REPAIRING TISSUE DEFECTS OF EXTREMITIES

目的探讨桥式交叉吻合血管游离组织移植在四肢组织缺损中的应用及效果。方法1982年5月～2005年11月,收治四肢组织缺损110例,其中男80例,女30例;年龄5～54岁,中位年龄30岁。损伤原因:车祸伤59例,机器伤32例,压轧伤19例。损伤部位:前臂2例,小腿108例。损伤范围:单纯软组织缺损69例,单纯骨缺损6例,软组织合并骨缺损35例。骨缺损5～19cm,软组织缺损6cm×10cm～15cm×35cm。游离移植组织包括背阔肌肌皮瓣、股前外侧皮瓣、腓骨皮瓣、腓骨骨瓣及髂骨皮瓣。除2例为上下肢桥式交叉,2例为双上肢桥式交叉外,其余均为双下肢桥式交叉。移植组织为两个或两个以上时,应用组合移植方法。供区创面直接缝合67例,部分缝合加植皮43例。结果术后9例发生血管危象,行血管探查后,5例解除危象,移植组织成活,4例失败;其余101例移植组织成活,成功率为96.4%。获随访4个月～22年,平均6.3年。移植骨均愈合,平均愈合时间4个月;皮瓣形态良好,肢体功能基本恢复。供区创面1例皮缘坏死,经清创、换药、植皮后愈合,其余供区创面均于术后2～3周期愈合。结论在患肢无可供吻合的血管时,应用桥式交叉吻合血管游离组织移植修复四肢组织缺损是一种切实有效的途径。

Objective To investigate the application and effect of the cross-bridge vascular anastomosis free flap transplantation for tissue defects of extremities. Methods From May 1982 to November 2005, 110 cases of tissue defects of extremities were treated with cross-bridge vascular anastomosis free tissue transplantation. Of 110 patitents, 80 were male and 30 were female with a median age of 30 years（5 to 54 years）. Tissue defects were caused by traffic accidents （59 cases）, machine injuries （32 cases） and mangled injuries （19 cases）. The locations were the forearms in 2 cases and the legs in 108 cases. And 69 cases had simple soft tissue defects, 6 cases had simple bone defects, and 35 cases had complicated defects. The length of bone defect ranged from 5 cm to 19 cm and the area of soft tissue defect ranged from 6 cm × 10 cm to 15 cm × 35 cm. The graft tissue included latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap, vastus anterolateral flap,cutaneous fibula flap, osseous fibula flap, and cutaneous iliac flap. The cross-bridge of the two lower extremities was performed in 106 cases, the cross-bridge of the two upper extremities in 2 cases, and the cross-bridge of the upper-lower extremities in 2 cases. The composite tissue transplantation was used if the graft tissues were two or more. The wounds of donor site was directly sutured in 67 cases, and partly sutured with skingrafting in 43 cases. Results Vascular crisis occurred in 9 cases. Vascular crisis was relieved in 5 cases and grafting tissues was survival after exploring the vessel; 4 cases failed. The graft tissue was survival in 101 cases, and the survival rate was 96.4%. The follow-up time was 4 months to 22 years with an average of 6.3 years. Graft bone healed and mean healing time was 4 months. The flap appearance was satisfactory and extremity function was restored to normal. One case became necrosis in the edge of the flap and cured by debridement, dressing and skingrafting, the other got primary healing at 2- 3 weeks after operation. Conclusion The application of the cross-bridge vascular anastomosis free tissue transplantation for tissue defects of extremities is an effective method, when extremities have no vessel anastomosed.