成体干细胞与干细胞疾病

ADULT STEM CELLS AND STEM CELL DISEASE

目的结合文献对成体干细胞的特性进行总结,描述干细胞疾病的定义及特性。方法广泛查阅近期相关文献,回顾成体干细胞及干细胞疾病。结果成体干细胞是一类位于成熟组织器官内、维持正常组织细胞数量和功能的原始细胞,具有自我更新和多潜能分化能力,随着生物个体生命周期增长,成体干细胞出现老化。起源于干细胞的疾病可视为干细胞疾病。当成体干细胞自我更新能力增强和/或分化障碍时,细胞增殖能力变强,引起增生性疾病特别是肿瘤疾病。当成体干细胞自我更新减弱,提前老化或分化不全时,可导致功能细胞形成减少,如不能满足组织器官功能的需要,将导致相应器官功能衰竭,形成退行性疾病。结论对成体干细胞自我更新、分化及老化的研究,在理论上将指导干细胞疾病的研究,并有助于发展干细胞疾病的诊断及治疗方法。

Objective To summary the characteristics of adult stem cells and to introduce the definition and the features of stem cell disease. Methods Literature concerning adult stem cells and stem cell disease was extensively reviewed. Results Adult stem cells were localized in tissues and organs, and were able to generate function cells to replace cell loss during a lifetime of wear and tear. The stem cells had self-renewal to maintain themselves and undergo aging within the lifespan of an organism. The dysfunction of stem cells was capable to cause diseases, which could be defined as stem cell disease in human. The disorder of self renewal and differentiation in stem cells could increase the cellular proliferation, produce proliferative diseases such as tumors. The stem cells with self renewal defect, differentiation blockage, or aged stem cells could not supply enough function cells for tissue refreshment. The defect of tissue refreshment caused degenerative diseases. Conclusion Studies on the stem cell self renew, differentiation, and aging can provide knowledge to understand the mechanism of stem ceil diseases and develop technique to diagnose and treat these diseases.