论高校本科比较文学课程教学内容的“文学史化”

A Tentative Study of Historicization of the Content of Comparative Literature as an Undergraduate Course

本科阶段的比较文学课程究竟主要应当讲哪些内容?学术界和高校教学界都存在比较大的争议。有的学者认为比较文学课程应当让学生了解比较文学学科的理论与历史发展,为进一步学习比较文学打下基础;而有的学者则认为应当注重以个案的讲解为重点,解读一些具体的比较文学研究方法,让学生认识到如何才能进行真正的比较文学研究。本文针对目前高校比较文学课程的现状,提出课程内容的“文学史化”问题进行讨论,认为高校本科比较文学课程教学内容的理论化与空洞化倾向是提出“文学史化”的基点;“文学史化”的具体途径有三一是将现有本科比较文学教材的理论性内容进行适当压缩,并将与中外文学史相关的内容与之进行兑换与更新;二是将文学与其他学科的关系之常识性的介绍兑换成为具体个案性的研究,换一个角度来讲比较文学的“跨学科研究”;三是尽量将“平行研究”的相关内容材料化。本科比较文学教学内容“文学史化”的目标有三一是让比较文学学科的综合性在本科教学内容上得到体现;二是对中国比较文学研究队伍的培养有极大助力;三是为高校“比较文学”与“世界文学”专业的整合做出贡献。本科比较文学课程教学内容的“文学史化”既是一个重要的理论问题,也是一个紧迫的实践问题,希望引起大家的讨论。

It is controversial in both the academic and educational circles as to the teaching content of Comparative Literature as an undergraduate course. Some believe that this course should has its emphasis on its theories and its historical development while other argue that this course should focus on case studies to help students grasp some individual research methods in comparative literature studies. This essay, in allusion to the status quo of this course, i.e. , the theorizing and hollowing tendencies in the content of this course, advances an idea of ＂historicization of the content of comparative literature as an undergraduate course. ＂ To this there are three approaches： substitution of some content concerned with the history of Chinese and foreign literatures for some theoretical content of this course, substitution of case study for the introduction to the relationships between literature and other disciplines so as to deal with the cross-disciplinary study as a part of this course from a new point of view, and materialization of the content concerned with the parallel study of comparative literature. The literary historization will achieve three goals： to integrate the comprehensive qualities of this discipline in its teaching content, to help develop the research ability in comparative literature research, and to make contribution to the integration of ＂Comparative Literature＂ and ＂World Literature,＂ two courses in China＇ s higher education. This paper also believes that the issue of historicization of the content of comparative literature is both theoretically and practically significant and deserves more discussion.