空军部队军人焦虑特点及影响因素研究

Anxiety characteristics of soldiers in air forces and its influencing factors

目的:探讨空军军人焦虑的特点及其影响因素.方法:采用状态—特质焦虑问卷(STAI),症状自评量表(SCL-90),艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)和简易应对方式问卷对空军1696名军人进行团体测试,将焦虑得分与一般人群的比较;以性别、年龄和工种进行分组,采用t检验或单因素方差分析进行组间比较;进行焦虑与心理健康、个性和应对方式的逐步回归分析.结果:①空军男性和女性军人的状态焦虑和特质焦虑得分均高于一般人群(P<0.01);②空军军人焦虑的发展特点:女性焦虑总分、状态焦虑和特质焦虑得分显著高于男性(P<0.01);焦虑总分、状态焦虑和特质焦虑得分均存在年龄差异(P<0.05),其中,“<20岁”组与“20～24岁”组间焦虑总分、状态焦虑得分存在显著差异(P<0.05);特质焦虑得分在“<20岁”组与“≥25岁”组间存在显著差异(P<0.05);不同工种之间,只有焦虑总分具有统计学差异(P<0.05);③逐步回归分析提示,积极应对得分和SCL-90总均分对军人的焦虑水平有直接效应,而EPQ的N,E,P和消极应对得分对军人的焦虑水平具有间接效应.结论:空军军人的焦虑水平显著高于一般人群,且具有性别、年龄和工种特征;空军军人的焦虑与心理健康水平、应对方式和个性有关.

AIM： To explore the anxiety characteristics and its influencing factors in soldiers of air forces. METHODS： State-Trait Anxiety Inventory （STAI）, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire （EPQ） , Symptom Check-List 90（SCL-90） and simple coping style scale were employed to evaluate 1696 air force soldiers in groups. The samples were divided into several groups according to gender, age, type of work, and the data were analyzed by t test, one way ANOVA or stepwise linear regression analysis. RESULTS ： ① As compared with those of the norm, the scores of soldiers increased obviously in state anxiety inventory（SAI） and trait anxiety inventory（TAI） （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. ②The characteristics of anxiety in air force soldiers were as follows ： the female＇s scores of total anxiety（ TAS）, SAI and TAI were higher than the male＇s （P 〈 0. 01 ）; clear difference among different age groups was observed in TAS, SAI and TAI （ P 〈 0.05 ） , among which, the scores of TAS and SAI showed obviously difference between ＂ 〈 20 years＂ group and ＂20 - 24 years＂ group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The scores of TAI showed obvious difference between ＂ 〈 20 years＂ group and ＂ ≥ 25 years＂ group （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; ③ The stepwise linear regression analysis showed average scores of SCL-90 and positive coping style were the immediate factors influencing the anxiety of air force soldiers; and N, E, P of EPQ and negative coping style were mediate factors. CONCLUSION： Compared with the norm, the air force soldiers present a relatively more serious anxiety with various characteristics in different gender, age and type of work. The anxiety of air force soldiers is related to their mental health, coping style and personality.