CIMMYT和中国硬质春麦在4种CIMMYT不同处理环境中产量和蛋白品质性状分析

Grain Yield and Protein Property of Chinese and CIMMYT Hard Spring Wheats in Four CIMMYT Management Environments

灌溉、播期和垄作等栽培方式对小麦产量和蛋白品质性状具有重要影响。将21个中国和CIMMYT硬质春麦品种于2000—2001和2001—2002年度分别种植在CIMMYT的Obregon试验站4种处理环境中。结果表明,所有性状均受品种和处理环境的显著影响,产量和沉降值同时还受品种和处理环境互作效应的显著作用,在进行产量和品质改良时应考虑品种与处理环境间的互作。充分灌溉和适期播种有利于提高产量,减少灌溉迟播垄作则有利于提高蛋白含量和沉降值。Rayon F89产量、蛋白含量和沉降值均较高;龙麦26产量、蛋白含量和沉降值显著高于其他光敏感品种。充分灌溉适期播种垄作利于提高Rayon F89等的产量和Weaver等的沉降值,充分灌溉适期播种平播利于提高Seri M82等的产量和Attila等的沉降值,充分灌溉迟播垄作利于提高龙麦26等的产量和Super Seri#1等的沉降值,减少灌溉适期播种垄作则利于提高Rayong F89等的产量和Weaver等的沉降值。

The effects of moisture stress, sowing date and planting method on grain yield and protein properties were evaluated using 21 hard spring wheat cultivars, which were grown in Obregon experiment station in CIMMYT across two seasons from 2000 to 2002 under four management environments. All traits investigated were significantly influenced by cultivar and management environment main effect, among which grain yield and SDS sedimentation value were also significantly influenced by cultivar and management interaction. Cultivar and management environment interaction should be accommodated in evaluation and selection of cultivars within the operation of breeding program for grain yield and quality improvement. It was helpful to elevate protein content and gluten strength when planted on bed, reduced irrigation, and late sowing, while sown at normal time with full irrigation increased grain yield. Rayon F 89 performed high grain yield, protein content and SDS sedimentation value. Longrnai 26 performed much higher grain yield, protein content and SDS sedimentation value than the other three photosensitive cultivars. Cultivars differed in response to irrigation, sowing date and planting method, which changed the rankings for grain yield and SDS sedimentation value. Full irrigation, sown on normal date, and planted on bed （FNB） treatment elevated grain yield for Rayon F 89, and SDS sedimentation value for Weaver. Full irrigation, sown on normal date, and planted on basin （FNF） treatment elevated grain yield for Seri M 82, and SDS sedimentation value for Attila. Full irrigation, sown one month later than normal date, and planted on bed （FLB） treatment increased grain yield for Longrnai 26, and SDS sedimentation value for Super Seri # 1, whereas reduced irrigation, sown on normal date, and planted on bed （RNB） treatment increased grain yield for Rayong F 89 and Xinchun 6, and SDS sedimentation value for Weaver. It is very important to take the effect of cultivar-and-envimnment interaction into consideration when improving wheat quality.