全球化与城市国际化:国际城市的一项实证研究

Globalization and International Cities:An Empirical Study

在当今全球化时代,许多城市被确认为世界城市或全球城市,但本文认为世界上只有少数一些城市真正达到"世界城市"的标准,具有控制世界经济的功能。而许多其他城市,无论是支配或被支配的城市,只显示出国际化的若干特征。本文利用全球264个城市与69家高级生产者服务公司的资料,从国际城市的角度研究世界上的重要城市。研究发现不同的城市有不同的国际化水平,除了少数高度国际化的一流城市达到世界城市的标准,许多其他城市只达到局部国际化,且他们的分布在地域上并无集中的趋势。同时研究发现世界上只有少数高级服务公司拥有全球城市服务网络,大部分公司的服务网络只集中在部分地区。

In the age of globalization, many global cities. This paper argues that only a few cities have been identified as world cities or cities can be qualified as truly ＂world cities＂ that function as dominating command centers of the world economy. Many cities, dominating or dominated, may only show some evidence of internationalization. This paper adopts a perspective of international cities for a study of major cities in the world using the data on 69 service firms in 264 cities provided by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group（GaWC） and Network. It is found that cities have different degrees of internationalization. Except for a few top cities with a high degree of internationalization that may qualify for the status of world cities, many cities are only partially internationalized. The top elite cities are not representative of most international cities that are full of diversity with little evidence of convergence. Similarly, there are only a few truly global firms that have a wide service network. Most Transnational Corporations（TNCs） have their particular regional focus.