21世纪的油田开发

OILFIELD DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGY IN THE 21ST CENTURY.

继利用天然能量进行油田开发的一次采油之后,在20世纪以注水保持油田能量为主的二次采油得到了很大的发展.二次采油技术,从实践到理论日臻成熟、完善,但二次采油所获得的原油采收率仍然比较低,于是三次采油的方法应运而生.三次采油以改变驱替介质的性质为特征,旨在进一步采出油层中的剩余油.20世纪后期三次采油方法的出现和发展,预示着21世纪油田开发还将有革命性的变化.为使三次采油成为未来世纪的主导开发方式,必须要解决以下几个关键性课题:提高驱替介质的驱替性能,降低驱替介质的成本;开展强化三次采油的技术和工艺研究;解决产出液处理技术;建立三次采油注人系统及集输系统.

In the twentieth century, secondary recovery technology for the formation pressure maintenance by injecting water developed greatly after the primary depletion technique. Althrough it have got better and better practically and theoretically, the resultant recovery is still low. In this case the tertiary recovery technology inevitably appears. Its objective is to extract the remaining oil in the waterflooded field by charging the properties of the drive media. In the late twentieth century the appearance and development of the tertiary recovery technology is indicative of a coming revolutionary evolution of oilfield development technplogy in the 21st century. To enable the tertiary recovery process to act as a dominant tool in the next centuries, the following key issue must be solved: improving the displacement performance of the displacement media, reducing the cost of displacement media, study of enhanced tertiary recovery process and technique, produced fluid disposal, and erection of injection system and gathering transportation system specifically designed for the tertiary recovery.