杂交水稻塑盘秧免耕抛栽坐蔸的原因分析

Cause analysis on stifle of hybrid rice plant by seedling-broadcast with no-tillage of seedling with plastics pot

水稻坐蔸即水稻赤枯病,是水稻生产上一种生理性病害,一般在栽秧后15d左右发病。水稻免耕抛秧栽培“坐蔸”主要分为浮秧型、中毒型、冷害型和缺素型等4大类型,通过调查,昭平县水稻“坐蔸”的主要类型是缺素型,占坐蔸面积的75%以上,主要是由于浮秧和施肥不科学等原因引发的。在实际生产中,通过采用科学的抛栽技术,提高抛栽质量,减少浮秧;科学配方施肥,防止缺素;科学使用有机肥、除草剂和多效唑,防止中毒;科学灌溉,促进立苗;开沟排渍,消除毒害等防治措施,才能取得显著的效果,明显提高水稻产量。

The stifle of rice plant is a physiological disease in rice production. It happens in 15 days after seedling-broadcast. The stifle of rice plant by seedling-broadcast with no-tillage has four types seedling floating, seedling poisoned, chilling damaged seedling and element deficiency seedling types. Through investigating, the main type of the stifle of rice plant in Zhaoping County was element deficiency of rice, and it accounted for 75%. The occurrence of this type was mainly caused by floated seedlings and unscientific fertilization. Therefor, in rice production, the floating seedlings should be reduced by proper techniques to improve the quality of seedling-broadcast. Cultivation techniques should be focused on scientific application of fertilization to prevent the element deficiency, proper use of organic fertilizer, herbicide and paclobutrazol to prevent poisoning, scientific irrigation to enhance seedling standing, and digging and excluding the water logging to eliminate the poisoning. Through these countermeasures, it would achieve a significant effect on controlling the stifle of rice plants and increase yield.