从豪强宗族到文化士族——东汉马氏研究

An Inquiry into the Transformation of Ma Family during East Han Dynasty

豪族向士族的转变是汉晋社会变迁的一个重要历史事实,东汉乃转变的重要契机。扶风马氏本以军功而贵,至东汉为皇权笼络成为外戚豪族,在东汉经学兴盛、皇权对豪族的压制政策以及皇权有意对四姓小侯的经学培养大背景下,逐渐由一个豪强宗族转变成文化士族。马氏家族的文化化透露出东汉豪族社会向魏晋士族社会转变的个中信息。

East Han Dynasty marks an important stage of the development of that Powerful Lord transformed itself into Gentry. This paper gives an analysis of this transformative process as represented in the case of prestigious Ma Family. The Family was initially honored with its martial accomplishments. During East Han Dynasty it developed marriage relationships with the royal family. Gradually the Family grew into cultural Gentry in this historical context. The transition of Ma Family is significant in the sense that it reflects the process of social transition from Powerful Lord social type in Han Dynasty to Gentry type in Jin Dynasty.