横坡垄作防止水土流失试验的研究

Experiment Research on Preventing Water and Soil Loss of Cross Ridge

[目的]为了研究横坡垄作防止水土流失的效果。[方法]通过在旱坡地上做平作,横坡、顺坡垄作种植玉米的对比试验,对横坡垄作防止水土流失的效果进行了研究。[结果]横坡垄作的玉米增产效果最好,分别比平作和顺坡垄作增产83.4%和29.8%;水土流失量最少,每亩水分和泥沙流失量比平作分别减少16%和64.2%,比顺坡垄作分别减少50.9%和87.9%;土壤养分的流失量最低,有机质和土壤全磷流失量分别比平作降低86.4%和81.4%,比顺坡垄作降低49.5%和88.2%。横坡垄作能拦截土壤,减少地表径流,保持土壤养分,保护耕地,促进持续生产,而顺坡垄作加剧了土壤侵蚀。[结论]通过改变地表微形态,横坡起垄种植玉米是拦蓄土壤水肥,提高土壤肥力和玉米产量的有效措施。

[Objective] The study aims to discuss the effect of ridge culture in cross slope on preventing water and soil loss. [Method] The effects of ridge culture in cross slope on preventing water and soil loss were studied through comparing experiment of planting maize in dry slope land by fiat culture, cross ridge culture and longitudinal ridge cultttre. [Result] The effect of cross ridge culture was best. The yield increasing of maize was highest, being 83.4% and 29.8% higher than that by fiat culture and longitudinal ridge culture. The water and soil loss quantity was smallest, with the water and soilsand loss quantity per 667 m^2 reducing by16% and 64.2% resp. than that by fiat culture and 49.5% and 88.2% resp .than that by longitudinal ridge culture. The loss quantity of soil nutrition was lowest, with the loss quantity of organic matter and soil total P reducing by 86.4% and 81.4% resp. than that by fiat culture and 49.5% and 88.2% resp, than that by longitudinal ridge culture with covering. Cross ridge could hold up soil, reduce surface runoff, preserve soil nutrition, protect field, and promote continual production. While the longitudinal ridge strengthened soil encroach. [ Conclusion] Through changing micro-configuration of earth surface, planting maize by cross ridge culture was an effective measure to keep water and fertilizer in soil, and enhance soil fertility and maize yield.