生物脱氮新技术在垃圾渗滤液工程化处理中的应用

Application of New Biological Nitrogen Removal Technologies in Full-Scale Treatment of Landfill Leachate

针对渗滤液中高浓度氨氮的处理问题,采用厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)和复合生物膜(HBR)组合工艺对广州市大田山垃圾渗滤液生物处理系统进行改造.具体分析了工程改造后厌氧折流板反应器和复合生物膜反应器的氨氮处理效果及其微生物的状况.现场采用ABR-HBR组合生物脱氮工艺,通过合理控制HBR的溶解氧浓度,并将HBR出水以大比例回流到ABR,以促进部分硝化和厌氧氨氧化过程的发生.结果表明,在进水氨氮浓度高达336.24～685.09mg/L的条件下,启动60d后,ABR反应器成功地培养了厌氧颗粒污泥和厌氧氨氧化细菌,其平均氨氮去除率为34.9%.ABR反应器稳定运行30d后,HBR反应器中氨氧化细菌的数量(MPN)高达6.4×107个/mL,其平均氨氮去除率为95.1%.经组合工艺整体处理后,系统出水氨氮浓度稳定在25mg/L以下,总氮的去除率也高达80%以上.

In order to improve the treatment efficiency of the high concentration of ammonium nitrogen in landfill leachate, anaerobic baffled reactor （ABR） and hybrid biofilm reactor （HBR） were introduced to the full-scale treatment of Datianshang landfill leachate. The efficiencies of nitrogen removal and the status of microorganism of the two biological treatment processes were analyzed. To achieve ANAMMOX and partial nitritation process, the concentration of dissolved oxygen in HBR was controlled and the effluent of HBR was recycled to the inlet of the ABR in a large proportion. The full-scale operation results showed that when the concentration of influent ammonium nitrogen was at 336.24 - 685.09 mg/L, the anaerobic granule sludge and the ANAMMOX bacteria were observed and the average ammonium nitrogen removal rate reached 34.9% in ABR after the start-up period of 60 days. The population of ammonium oxidizing bacteria and the average ammonium nitrogen removal rate in HBR reached 6.4 × 107cells/mL and 95.1%, respectively, after 30 days of ABR stable running process. The final effluent ammonium nitrogen concentration was under 25 mg/L and the removal rate of total nitrogen was above 80% after the ABR-HBR combined processes treatment. It was suggested that using of advance environmental biotechnology to improve the capacity of the conventional leachate treatment plant was advisable, especially for those low efficiency facilities working improperly.