促甲状腺激素受体的裂解和脱落

Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor and its cleavage and shedding

促甲状腺激素受体(TSHR)是一种重要的自身抗原,TSHR的裂解和脱落可诱发自身免疫。裂解的TSHR是甲状腺主要的功能性受体,α亚单位的脱落对于刺激型TSHR抗体(TSAb)的形成及TSAb和阻断型TSHR抗体(TBAb)之间的平衡有重要意义,对于TSHR胞外域裂解和脱落的相关研究不仅有助于深入理解TSHR的结构和功能,而且有助于阐明自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的发病机制及探寻新的治疗方法。该文就TSHR概况、受体裂解和脱落的机制及其意义作一综述。

Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor（TSHR） is an important autoantigen whose cleavage and shedding can induce autoimmunity. The TSHR is the main functional receptor of the thyroid. The shedding of the α subunit plays an important role in the forming of TSAb and balancing between TSAb and TBAb. Research on the cleavage and shedding of the TSHR extracellualar domain helps to gain a deep insight into the structure and function of TSHR, illuminate the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease and find out a new therapy. The structure of TSHR, the mechanism and the significance of its cleavage and shedding are reviewed in this article.