壳聚糖的纳米化及其生物学效应

Biological effect of chitosan nanoparticles

目的:综合分析壳聚糖纳米微粒的制备方法、研究进展及其生物学效应资料来源:应用计算机检索PUBMED 1998-01/2006-12有关壳聚糖纳米化方面的文献,检索词“Chitosan;nanoparticles”,同时计算机检索超星数字图书库2000-01/2006-12期间的相关文献,检索词为“壳聚糖”。资料选择:对资料进行初审,并查看每篇文献后的引文。选择针对性强的文章。同一领域的选择近期或权威杂志的文章。资料提炼:共收集到259篇相关文献,其中34篇符合纳入标准,排除25篇。符合纳入标准的34篇文献中,26篇涉及壳聚糖纳米粒的制备,8篇涉及纳米化后产生的生物学效应。资料综合:壳聚糖作为一类带正电的多糖,其性质不活泼,不与体液和体内组织产生免疫反应,并具有很好的生物相容性和生物可降解性。目前壳聚糖纳米化主要采用离子交联法、沉淀法、共价交联法、乳化溶剂扩散挥发法、自组装法等方法。纳米化后具有增加药物的吸收作用、增加药物的靶向性和降低药物副作用、增强药物的缓释作用及提高药物稳定性的生物学效应。结论:壳聚糖纳米粒的研究已成为当前生物医学领域的热点。纳米化后的壳聚糖在缓控释给药系统中具有广阔的应用前途,但其溶解性能有待于进一步提高。

OBJECTIVE： To comprehensively analyze the preparation method, study progress and biological effect of chitosan nanoparticles. DATA SOURCES： A computer-based online search of PUBMED was undertaken for articles about the chitosan nanoparticles published from January 1998 to December 2006, with the key words of ＂chitosan; nanoparticles＂. Meanwhile, Chaoxing database was searched for related articles published from January 2000 to December 2006 with the key word of ＂chitosan＂. STUDY SELECTION： After the primary check, the quotation of each literature was looked up. The data were arranged to select the articles with strong points. As to the same field, the articles published recently or in authoritative magazines were preferred. DATA EXTRACTION： Totally 259 relevant literatures were collected and 34 articles met the requirements, while 25 articles were excluded. Of the inclusive 34 literatures, 26 were about the preparation of chitosan nanoparticles and 8 were about the biological effect of chitosan nanoparticles. DATA SYNTHESIS： Chitosan is a cationic polysaccharide, which is inactive, doesn＇t make immune responses with the body fluid and in vitro organization, with good biocompatibility and biodegradability. At present, the preparation methods of chitosan nanoparticles are ionic cross-linking, deposition, cross-linked with glutaraldehyde, emulsification solvent diffusion, chitosan self-aggregation and so on. The chitosan nanoparticles can increase the drug absorption, target characteristic, release behavior, and the stabilization characteristic, additionally decrease the drug side effect. CONCLUSION： Recently, the chitosan nanoparticles have been widely investigated in the biomedical fields, reveals as a promising system for the controlled release of drug delivery systems, but the capability of dissolution characteristic needs further study.