人格障碍的成因及表现特征

Cause and feature of personality disorder

目的:分析人格障碍的成因及临床上几种常见人格障碍的表现特征。方法:检索有关心理学专著,查找有关人格障碍成因及其常见表现特征的文章。对资料进行初审,选取符合要求的心理学专著和文章,并查找专著的相关章节和论文全文。纳入标准:①有关人格障碍成因的文章。②有关人格障碍表现特征的文章。③有关人格障碍防治的文章。排除重复、类似的文章,纳入有关人格障碍成因、表现特征和诊治的文章7篇。结果:人格障碍是从童年或少年时期开始并持续终生的显著偏离常态的人格,其形成一般受制于生物遗传、心理、环境以及病理生理4个因素。在临床上,其表现多样,但一经形成,治疗困难,故重在预防。结论:人格障碍的预防应从儿童开始,父母的爱护、悉心照料、正确教养以及良好的环境,可减少人格障碍的发生。

AIM： To analyze the personality disorder （PD） causes and the clinical features of several kinds of frequent PD. METHODS： The books related to psychology were retrieved and the articles on cause and feature of PD were researched. The books and the articles were checked firstly and screened in accordance with the following criteria for displaying the related chapters of the books and full-texts of the articles. Inclusive criteria： （1）related to the causes of PD. （2）related to the characteristics of PD.（3）related to the diagnosis and therapy of PD. Exclusive criteria： repeated or similar researches. Finally 7 articles related to the criteria were collected. RESULTS： PDs are the personalities that are significantly deviated from normality and sustain all one＇s life since childhood or juvenile period. They are generally subjected to genetic, psychological, environmental and path-physiological factors. The performances vary clinically. Once form, they are difficult to treat. So, the emphasis should be put on prevention. CONCLUSION： To prevent PD, we should start from childhood. Parental love, the care, proper education, and a good environment can reduce the incidence of PD.