“钦差大臣”中的反讽

Irony in “Imperial Envoy”

果戈理在“钦差大臣”中没有创造一个正面人物,而是以官吏对“钦差大臣”的误认结构作品,运用自我暴露、过分自信、天真质朴等多种反讽手法,创造了一个多元戏剧文本,形成了被嘲讽者与自身、被嘲讽者与欣赏主体、欣赏主体与戏剧、戏剧与生活等不同反讽语境,将当时在整个俄罗斯泛滥成灾的违反正义、贪污盗窃和专横跋扈的广阔图景中机智巧妙地展示出来,对沙皇专制下的官僚、人性和生活等进行辛辣的讽刺、尽情的嘲笑和有力的批判,为讽刺文学提供了新的成功范例。

In ＂Imperial Envoy＂, Gogol doesn＇t create any positive characters, but bases the structure of the comedy on mistakes made by the officials about the identity of the ＂imperial envoy＂. He uses some ironical means such as self-betrayal, pompous confidence and ing6nue irony to create a play of multiplicities. The various ironical situations are set between the mocked and himself, the mocked and the appreciating subject, the appreciating subject and the play, and the play and life. Gogol thus presents a picture of a wide range of Russian life, including the marred justice, corruption, stealing and tyranny. The play severely mocks and criticizes the officials, human nature and life under the autocratic monarchy. So it can be set as a new model of the ironic literature.