新大环内酯类抗生素的体外抗菌作用研究

In vitro antibacterial activities of new macrolides

以琼脂对倍稀释法测定新大环内酯类抗生素（ａｚｉｔｈｒｏｍｙｃｉｎ、ｃｌａｒｉｔｈｒｏｍｙｃｉｎ及罗红霉素）等抗菌药对２０２株临床分离菌的最低抑菌浓度。结果，新大环内酯类抗生素对流感杆菌及副流感杆菌的抗菌活性高，明显优于红霉素等沿用大环内酯类抗生素；对肺炎球菌、Ａ及Ｂ组链球菌的抗菌作用与其它大环内酯类抗生素相仿，对Ｄ组链球菌和金葡球菌的作用较差。以上结果显示，新大环内酯类抗生素对院外获得性呼吸道感染常见病原菌具良好抗菌作用，其中对嗜血杆菌属的抗菌作用明显优于沿用大环内酯类抗生素，因此新大环内酯类抗生素为院外呼吸道感染的适宜选用药物。

The in vitro activities of new macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin) and other antimicrobial agents against 202 clinical isolates were tested using agar dilution method. Results showed that new macrolides had higher antibacterial activities against H.influenzae and H.parainfluenzae than that of erythromycin and other old macrolides, and possessed similar antibacterial activities against Str.pneumoniae ; group A and B streptococci compared with that of other macrolides. New macrolides had poor activities against group D streptococcus and Staph. aureus . This finding suggested that new macrolides had good activities against common pathogens responsible for community acquired respiratory tract infections and were more active against Haemophilus spp. than that of old macrolides, so new macrolides are suitable for the treatment of community acquired respiratory tract infections.