日粮中添加整粒油籽对绵羊体脂主要脂肪酸组成的影响

Effects of supplementing whole oilseeds to dietary on main fatty acid composition of ewe carcass

日粮中分别添加相当于40.0 g粗脂肪的油菜籽、油葵籽、红花籽和亚麻籽,饲喂成年母羊35 d后屠宰,用气相色谱技术测定了羊体背最长肌、肾脏脂肪和尾部脂肪的主要脂肪酸(FA)组成,结果表明:日粮对肌肉中FA组成的影响较对脂肪组织的大;在所测定的3个部位中,C14∶0最为稳定,不受日粮影响;在脂肪组织中,C16∶1、C18∶1也不受日粮的影响,但肌肉中C18∶1含量因添加红花籽显著增大;添加亚麻籽有提高脂肪组织中C18∶3的趋势,其余油籽有使各部位C18∶3含量下降的趋势,以油葵组下降最为明显;除油菜籽(富含C18∶1)外,富含多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的油籽有使C16∶0降低的作用.羊体不同部位脂肪酸组成存在较大的差异:C18∶1在尾脂中的含量极显著或显著地(多数情况为极显著)高于其它部位,而肾脏中含量最低;C16:1在不同部位的差异与C18∶1相同;C16∶0、C18∶0以尾脂中最低;C18∶2的含量在肌肉中最低.从尾部、肌肉到肾脏,不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)的比例降低,而饱和脂肪酸(SFA)的比例上升.不管在何部位,C18∶1在所有脂肪酸中所占比例最高;C18∶0在肾脏脂肪中占第2位,在肌肉和尾脂中占第3位,而C16∶0在肾脏居第3位,在其余部位居第2.

Canola,oil-sunflower,safflower and linseed seeds which are equal to 40.0 g additional crude fat were supplemented into dietary respectively to observe the effects to adult ewe carcass main fatty acid profile. The main fatty acid （FA） from longissimus, kidney and tailhead fat obtained from each carcass were measured by gas chromatography technology. The results showed that the composition of FA in muscle tissue were more influenced by dietary than that of adipose tissue. C14 ： 0 was the most steady fatty acid in all three analyzed parts and not affected by dietary. C16 ： 1 and C18 ： 1 from adipose tissue were not influenced by dietary too, but the percentage of C18 ： 1 in muscle increased remarkably for adding safflower seeds. There was a increasing trend on the proportion of C18 ： 3 in the adipose tissue when supplementing linseed,while there was a decreasing trend when supplementing other oilseeds, especially oil-sunflower. Ex-cept for rich-oleic canola, the rich-PUFA oilseed could reduce the proportion of C16 ： 0. There were significant differences on the FA composition in different parts of carcass： the proportion of C18 ： 1 in tailhead was remarkably higher （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01 ） than that in any other parts,specially than in kidney fat;the proportion of C16 ： 1 in these parts was similar to C18 ： 1;the proportion of C16 ： 0 and C18 ： 0 in tailhead fat was the least;the proportion of C18 ： 2 in muscle was the least （P〈0. 01 ）. The proportion of UFA showed a decreasing trend from tailhead, muscle to kidney fat, on the contrary, the proportion of SFA showed a increasing trend.