北京市朝阳区2003—2005年急性职业中毒事故调查

Investigation of Acute Occupational Poisonings in Chaoyang District of Beijing during 2003 - 2005

目的分析北京市朝阳区2003—2005年急性职业中毒事故发生的原因和规律,为探索预防对策和措施提供依据。方法收集该区职业中毒和职业病报告卡和急性职业中毒个案调查报告,分析中毒事故发生的时间、行业、毒物分布和事故发生的原因。结果2003—2005年北京市朝阳区共发生14起职业性急性中毒事故,30人中毒,死亡9人,病死率为30.00%;市政服务行业的中毒和死亡人数最高,构成比分别是46.67%和55.56%;甲烷和苯是引起中毒的主要毒物,均占36.67%;导致中毒的原因主要是缺乏安全教育、没有个人防护用品、没有密闭通风排毒设备、没有安全操作制度和规程等。结论急性职业中毒由多种因素造成,卫生监督部门应重点预防、控制市政服务等行业的中毒事故,及早发现急性中毒隐患,减少职业中毒事故的发生。

[ Objective ] To analyze the causes and law of acute occupational poisonings in Chaoyang District of Beijing during 2003 -2005 and provide basis for exploring preventive measures. [ Methods] Occupational poisoning reports and individual investigation reports were collected; analysis was made on the time, fields, toxicant distribution and causes of the accidents. [ Results ] There were 14 acute occupational poisoning events during 2003--2005 in Chaoyang district of Beijing, with 30 victims poisoned and 9 workers died, the overall death rate was 30.00% ; the poisoning and death rates in the field of civicism servings were the highest, the proportions of which were 46.67% and 55.56% respectively; methane and benzene （ 36.67%） were the major toxicants ; the reasons of the accidents were mainly the lack of security education, protective facilities, ventilation facilities and safety operation systems and so on. [ Conclusion ] Acute occupational poisonings are caused by multiple factors; prevention and control should be strengthened in order to reduce the occurrence of occupational poisonings.