话题调控者的问语控制

Topic Master's Control of Question

目的性谈话的高效、有序运行离不开话题调控者的问语控制。本原控制是指问语天然具有的对答语的控制能力,根据控制能力的不同可将问语分为开放性问语和封闭性问语。过程控制是指调控者通过不断地选择控制能力不同的问语来作用于受控者的动态过程。先发控制和后发控制是过程控制的两种主要方式:前者是指调控者预先设计和巧妙安排,牵引受控者逐步实现交际意图;后者是指调控者对言语进程中出现的答语偏离现象进行干预。在后发控制中,又存在着反向控制和顺向控制,或是逐步引导答语回归主旨,或是鼓励答语继续前行。一个有着固定话题的复杂的谈话过程,就是本原控制与过程控制、先发控制与后发控制、顺向控制与反向控制交织并存的动态过程。

Without the topic master＇s control of question, it would be impossible for the purposive conversation to go on effectively and orderly. Primary control is a question＇s native control power upon answers. By the differences among their control powers, questions may be classified as opening questions and closed questions. Process control is an interactive process in which the topic masters continuously choose different questions upon answerers. Initial control and follow-up control are two modes of process control： the former is that the questioners prearrange skillfully and lead the answerers to realize the communication intention step by step; the latter is that the questioners intervene in the answers which depart from the topic. In the follow-up control, there is positive control and negative control. The former is that the questioners lead the answers to go back to the topic; the latter is that the questioners encourage the answers to move on. A complicated speech process which has a specific topic is just an interactive process where primary control and process control, initial control and follow-up control, and positive control and negative control interlace and coexist.