我国医用 X 线诊断工作者 1950～1990 年间白血病危险分析

Risk of leukemia among diagnostic x ray workers in China between 1950 and 1990

目的：验证接受小剂量Ｘ线照射与白血病发病的关系。方法：分析我国２４个省、直辖市、自治区１９５０～１９８０年间在岗的２７０１１名放射诊断工作者和２５７８２名其他科室医务工作者１９５０～１９９０年间白血病发病资料。结果：放射诊断工作者白血病的发病率为对照组的２．２５倍（９５％可信限为１．５９～３．０９，Ｐ＜０．００１）。放射诊断工作者的白血病平均发病年龄比对照组小１０．４岁。白血病的发病高峰在从事放射工作后的１０～１４年。白血病的相对危险以１９６５年前开始放射工作和开始放射工作时年龄小于２０岁者最高。结论：Ｘ线工作者白血病危险的增加是真实的，且与早期所受到的较大剂量职业Ｘ线照射密切相关。

Objective:To explore the relationship between radiation and leukemia.Methods:Leukemia incidences (1950～1990) in 27011 diagnostic X ray workers and in 25782 other medical specialists employed between 1950 and 1980 in China were compared.Results:The relative risk (RR) of leukemia in the diagnostic X ray workers was 2.25 fold(95% C1=1.59￣3.09,P<0.001)higher than that in the control group .The average age of the emergence of leukemia was 10.4 years younger in X ray workers than in control group.The peak incidence of leukemia in X ray workers occurred 10～14 years after engaging in X ray work. The highest RR of leukemia was found in those who were engaged in X ray work before 1965 or at age under 20 years.Conclusion:Incidence of Leukemia in X ray workers increased and it was correlated with radiation dosage and duration.