季铵盐对蒙脱土插层效果及表面活化的研究

Study on Intercalation and Surface Activation of Montmorillonite by Quaternary Ammonium Salt

采用不同碳链的季铵盐阳离子作为插层剂,与钠基蒙脱土层间的无机阳离子Na+和Ca2+进行离子交换,制备了系列有机蒙脱土。利用红外光谱、X射线衍射对蒙脱土和有机化蒙脱土的结构进行了表征。结果表明:插层剂已进入蒙脱土的层间,蒙脱土的层间距由1.53 nm增加到1.99～3.48 nm。同时对有机蒙脱土在二甲苯中的流变学性质进行了研究,结果证明有机蒙脱土能在二甲苯中溶胀而形成凝胶,在相同剪切力时,凝胶的黏度与季铵盐阳离子烷基链的结构有关。

A series of organophilie montomorillonite was prepared by using montrmorillonite （MMT） as raw material and different earbochain quaternary ammonium cations as intercalation agents, which were cationic exchange reacted with inorganic cations such as Na^＋ and Ca^2＋ absorbed in the interlamellar of monanorillonite. The MMT and organophilie MMT （OMMT） were identified by infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction. The results showed the intercalation agents intercalated into the interlayer space of MMT, and the spacing of MMT layers increased from 1.53 nm to 1.99 ～ 3.48 nm. The rheologieal properties of OMMT in toluene were studied. The result proved that OMMT could be swollen and form gelatin in toluene. The viscosity of gelatin was related to the alkyl chain structure of quaternary ammonium cations.