汉唐之际佛教寺院经济与政权的关系

Relationship between Buddhist Temple Economy and Government from Han to Tang Dynasty

寺院经济是佛教发展的经济基础,中国寺院经济形成于南北朝时期。政权对汉唐之际的寺院经济发展有着重要的影响。以政权为代表的上层社会对寺院认可是寺院经济产生的前提,政权、信众的赠赐施舍是寺院经济财富积累的基础,寺院所从事宗教文化活动承担着社会教化和慈善事务。寺院经济的发展壮大与世俗地主经济矛盾加剧,产生了种种限制寺院经济的措施,其极端就是"三武一宗"灭佛。至唐代中叶后,寺院、僧尼的免税特权逐渐消失,寺院经济的经营模式也向禅林制度发展。

Chinese buddhist temple economy was shaped in North-South Dynasty period （A.D 420-A.D589）. It was the foundation of Buddhism development in China. Government had an important impact on buddhist temple economy. To be accepted by government was the premise to give birth to Buddhist temple economy. Government and Buddhist almsgiving was the foundation of buddhism temple accumulating wealth. As the contradiction became acute between growth of Buddhist temple economy and temporal landholder economy, more and more measures to restrict the Buddhist temple economy development were adopted by government, and the extreme way was to forbid Buddhism. In the middle of Tang Dynasty, the tax-free franchise for temple and buddhist disappeared gradually, the management mode of buddhist temple economy was shifted to Zen Buddhist temple system, and the buddhist temple economy was eclipsed gradually later.