封禅起源于战国新说

A New Study on the "Fengshan" Ceremony

封禅是一种帝王祭天地的礼仪,是我国古代最重要的国家祀典。历史上虽然有很多文献记载上古三代时期就已经有封禅的祀典存在了,但这类记载并不可信。事实上,通过梳理文献和考察史籍可知,儒家的早期经典中并没有有关封禅礼仪的记载,《史记》和一些纬书中有关早期封禅礼仪的记载都是后起的,是受战国时期谶纬学说影响而产生的。另外,历史上祥瑞天命学说的发展及其在封禅学说中的应用时间,也能够证明这种观点。

＂Fengshan＂ is a kind of ceremony of the monarch offering sacrifices to Heaven and earth. It is the most imoortant national sacred ceremony. In history, a great number of literatures record that ＂Fengshan＂ ceremony had already existed in ancient times. But this kind of recordation is not believable. Actually, through the organization of the literature, early Confucian classics has no recordation of the ＂Fengshan ceremony＂. The recordation on Shi Ji and some books about omens is later produced. In addition, the development of theory of auspicious sign representing fatality and its time of application on the ＂Fengshan＂ ceremony can also prove the viewpoint.