基于状态反馈的燃料电池轿车动力控制算法

Power Control Method of Fuel Cell Vehicle Powertrain Based on States Feedback

建立了包括燃料电池发动机、电机及其控制器、动力蓄电池组在内的燃料电池轿车动力系统的动态数学模型.在该模型基础上,设计了基于状态反馈的闭环功率平衡算法.针对状态变量蓄电池开路电压在运行过程中无法测量的问题,构造了相应的渐进状态观测器.以蓄电池开路电压观测值反馈实现了蓄电池最佳荷电状态的控制,使算法克服了对蓄电池SOC(state of charge,荷电状态)估计值的依赖,实现了解析冗余,较好地解决了SOC估计过程中存在的初始值不易确定和累计误差的问题.离线仿真和实车转鼓实验的结果证明,所建立的动力控制算法达到既定的控制目标,并且能够充分考虑动力系统主要部件的动力性和经济性,具有一定的实用价值.

Constructed here is a dynamic mathematic model of fuel cell vehicle powertrain which is composed of fuel cell engine, DC motor and its controller and power battery. Based on the mathematic model, a power control method is designed, featuring full states closed-loop feedback. Since open current voltage （OCV） of battery can＇t be measured real-time, a state observer is built. With the OCV evaluated by the state observer, state of charge （SOC） of battery can be controlled even without knowledge of the exact real time SOC value. And the problems involved in process of battery SOC estimation are subtly solved, including the exact initial SOC value which is not easy to define and error cumulating. At last, the results of simulation and field test are illustrated. The results show that the power control method takes into account the performance and economy characteristics of the components of hybrid fuel cell power train and is feasible.