应用微卫星DNA标记进行边鸡群体遗传多样性分析

Analysis on Population Genetic Diversity of Bian Chicken Breed Using Microsatellite DNA Markers

目前,微卫星DNA标记已被广泛应用于动物遗传育种研究中,可有效地进行群体遗传多样性分析,并可估算群体间的遗传距离。为了从分子水平上揭示边鸡群体的遗传结构及系统地位,利用鸡基因组中均位于常染色体上的5个微卫星DNA标记,检测了边鸡群体的遗传多样性,并以大骨鸡做了比较分析;同时,初步探讨了边鸡在国内几个地方鸡种中的系统地位。结果表明,5个微卫星位点共检测到38个等位基因,其中ADL0146位点的等位基因数最少(5个),而ADL0136和ADL0185两个位点的等位基因数最多(9个),平均等位基因数为7.6个.边鸡群体在5个微卫星位点的平均多态信息含量、平均基因杂合度(h)和平均有效等位基因数(Ne)分别为0.667 1、0.745 7和4.044 3,边鸡群体内比大骨鸡群体有更丰富的遗传多样性;聚类分析结果显示,边鸡与大骨鸡亲缘关系最近,而与鲁西斗鸡亲缘关系相对较远。该系统聚类结果与这些地方鸡种的系统分化与选育历史是基本一致的。

Nowadays, microsatellite DNA markers were applied widely in the study of animal genetics and breeding such as the analysis of population genetic diversity and estimation of genetic distance between populations. For the sake of disclosure of population genetic structure and phylogenitic status of Bian chicken breed from molecular level, genetic diversity of Bian chicken breed was assayed on the basis of 5 microsatellite DNA markers from the chicken gene bank, at the same time, the phylogenitic status of Bian chicken breed in several native chicken breeds was discussed. The genetic diversity of Bian chicken was assayed and contrasted with Dagu chicken on the basis of 5 microsatellite DNA markers from the chicken gene bank, at the same time,the phylogenitic status of Bian chicken in some native chicken breeds was discussed tentatively. The results showed, altogether,38 alleles were detected in 5 microsatellite loci, and among them , the least alleles （5） were detected by ADL0146, and the most alleles （9） were detected by ADL0136 and ADL0185 . The average alleles number was 7.6 from 5 microsatellite loci . The mean information content of polymorphism , mean gene heterozygosity and mean number of effective alleles of Bian chicken breed was 0. 667 1,0. 745 7and 4. 044 3, respectively. Genetic diversity in Bian chicken breed was more abundant than that of Dagu chicken breed. The cluster analysis indicated that the consanguinity was the nearest between Bian chicken and Dagu chicken breeds , however, the consanguinity was relatively far between Bian chicken and Luxi fighting chicken breeds. As a whole, the clustering diagram reflected well the phylogenitic evolutionary and breeding history of those chicken breeds.