冕洞演化与太阳活动周的关系及在日地预报中的应用

The Relationship Between the Coronal Hole Evolution and Solar Cycle

冕洞的研究在近二十多年里取得了丰硕的成果。本文回顾了冕洞的发现及观测历史，系统阐述了冕洞的结构特征、形成及演化规律，讨论了冕洞对日地空间产生的影响，冕洞与超级活动区的关系以及冕洞在太阳活动预报中所起的作用，在此基础上利用１９７０—１９９５年的冕洞资料对冕洞的时空分布和磁极性演化规律与太阳活动周的关系，以及冕洞与太阳风速度、地磁扰动等方面进行分析研究，得出以下结论：（１）冕洞在南北半球的分布在形态上基本是对称的，但在冕洞数量上北半球稍占优势；（２）冕洞的盛衰演化呈周期性，表现为赤道冕洞周期与黑子周期是完全一致的，极冕洞周期与黑子周期相位相差１８０°；（３）赤道冕洞的纬度分布随太阳活动周上升而上升，当太阳活动周达到极大值时，它也达到极大，然后再随太阳活动周下降而下降，极冕洞的纬度延伸方向演化与赤道冕洞相反；（４）极冕洞的极场呈１１年周期性，并且极场反转出现在太阳活动峰年期间；

In this thesis by using data in the catalogue of coronal holes in 1970-1991 and the Halpha Synoptic Chart in 1992-1995 we have analyzed the evolution of the temporal and spacial distribution of coronal holes (CHs),the features of the magnetic fields of the CHs and their ralation to the Solar Cycle. The ralation between the CHs and the terrestrial magnetic disturbances are also studied. It is found that the distribution of CHs is asymmetric in the direction of nort-south; there exists evident periodicity for the decay and bloom of the CHs; it present a complementary relation between the decay and bloom of the polar CHs and the period of sunspots; but for the equatorial CHs and the period of sunspots there is a consistence. The latitudal distribution of the eqntorial CHs increases with Solor Cycle but reaches its maximum after the solar maximum year and then decreases with the solar cycle. The polarity of the magnetic fields of the polar CHs indicates a periodicity of 11 years-the reverse of the magnetic fields occured during the solar maximum year. In addition, our research also shows that the evolution of the CHs is closely ralated to solar winds and the terrestrial magnetic disturbances.