一些新技术在现代天文用CCD控制器中的应用研究

A Study on Some New Techology Applied to Modern Astronomical CCD Controller

本文首先回顾了目前世界上ＣＣＤ控制器的最新进展。介绍了中国的第一套天文用ＣＣＤ探测器系统：云南天文台＃１ＣＣＤ系统。荷兰射电天文基金会（ＮｅｔｈｅｒｌａｎｄｓＦｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎｆｏｒＲａｄｉｏＡｓｔｒｏｎｏｍｙ）和英国皇家格林威治天文台（ＲｏｙａｌＧｒｅｅｎｗｉｃｈＯｂｓｅｒｖａｔｏｒｙ）联合研制的一种紧结构ＣＣＤ控制器是目前世界上一个较为成功的ＣＣＤ控制器，并且对我们以后的研究有较大的影响，故我们较为详细的介绍这一控制器。欧洲南方天文台为其ＶＬＴ计划研制了下一代的ＣＣＤ控制器：ＡＣＥ（ＡＲＲＡＹＣＯＮＴＲＯＬＥＬＥＣＴＲＯＮＩＣＳ）。ＡＣＥ代表将来天文用ＣＣＤ控制器的发展方向，所以文中也较为详细的介绍了ＡＣＥ。在第一章的最后，总结了未来天文观测对天文用ＣＣＤ控制器的要求及发展趋势，以求为以后的工作铺平道路。然后简要的介绍了两种将被用于天文领域的新技术：ＤＳＰ及ＦＰＧＡ／ＣＰＬＤ。ＤＳＰ最初是应数字信号处理的高速发展而产生的一种专用微处理器。由于其在结构，速度，等方面的优势，其很快就应用于其它领域，如自动控制，语音合成，图象／图形处理，通讯等。但在天文仪器领域内，ＤＳＰ尚未得到广泛的应用，故在第二章中简要?

In this thesis we have first presented the overview of the latest progress in the CCD controller. We have introduced the first astronomical CCD detectro system in China, that is # 1CCD system in Yunnan Observatory. The compact CCD controller made by Netherlands Foundation for Radio Astronomy and Royal Greenwich Observatory is an important CCD controller in the world and it has many influences on our future work, therefore we have also introduced it in detail. Because ESO had a plan to build VLT(very large telecopes), it is necessary for ESO to build a new generation of CCD controller used in the VLT, so ESO developed an idea of Array Control Electronics. We have also introduced the idea in detail in order to show what is the direction of developing future astronomical CCD controller. At the end of the chapter, we have concluded the requirement of future astronomical CCD controller in China. Then we have briefly introduced two new technologies that will be used in Astornomy: DSP&FPGA/CPLD. DSP(digital signal processor) is developed firstly in signal processing field. As the architecture, speed, etc. of the DSP are unmatched by using usual microprocessor, it has been spreaded at many fields, such as automatic control, voice reconstruction, image/graph processing, telecommunication, etc.. In the field of astronomical instruments, DSP has not been widely spreaded yet. We have introduced two kinds of DSP: Fixed point devices & float point devices with the typical chips respectively. We hope that the usage of DSP in astronomical instruments will help us to improve the performance of the instruments. On the other side, FPGA & CPLD represent the trend of Digital circuit design, and become more and more popular among electronic engineers. It will save the area of the PCB, time of designer, and expenses. It is easy to design and modify. Therefore we think that it must be introduced to the field of astronomical instruments as soon as possible. We have mainly introduced: 1) XILINX INC. XC FAMILY FPGA; 2) AMD INC. MACH FAMILY CPLD. We have also discussed the possibility to build an universal CCD controller used in modern astronomy. We think that the bus architecture is one of the best choice to bulid such a controller, the reasons are presented in this chapter. In the last chapter, we try to put these technologies into practice to build a new CCD controller used in Chinese Balloon Solar Telescope plan. Based on the third chapter, we try to build a new CCD controller with bus architecture. We have used TMS320C25 DSP and the MACH family CPLD to solve the probelm. We hope this endeavor will be helpful for the future astronomical CCD controller in China.