黄淮海平原水资源开发的环境效应及其调控对策

ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS AND ADJUSTMENT AND CONTROL COUNTERMEASURES OF WATER RESOURCE UTILIZATION IN THE HUANG HUAI HAI PLAIN

本文简要介绍了黄淮海平原水资源开发与农业持续发展的关系，本区人均、公顷平均水资源量均仅及全国平均值的２９％；耕地灌溉率每增加１％，粮食单产增加９４．２８ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，总产增加２０．５０×１０８ｋｇ。文中阐述了四大类型区水资源利用现状和水资源开发中的环境问题，诸如山前平原区的水污染与浅层地下水超采，海河低平原区饮水型氟中毒、地下水降落漏斗和地面沉降，黄淮平原区的渍害和滨海平原区的黄河断流和海水入侵等。针对上述水环境问题，本文提出了相应的调控对策，可供有关省（市）、地（市）决策部门参考。

The relationship between water resource utilization and agricultural sustainable growing in the Huang Huai Hai Plain was briefly discussed in this paper. The per capita or per hectare amount of water resources in the area accounts for 29 per cent of the country's average. The grain yield per hectare is increased by 94.28kg and the total output of grains is increased by 2.05 billion kg, when the irrigation rate is increased by 1 per cent in the area. The present situation of water resource use and the environment problems of water resource utilization in the four type regions were expounded in the paper, such as water contamination and excessive exploitation of groundwater in the shallow layer in the piedmont plain region, fluorine in drinking water, funnel of groundwater and earth subsidence in the Lower Haihe Plain Region, floodwater in the Huang Huai Plain Region, running out of flood in the Huanghe River and the invasion of seawater in the coastal plain region and so on. In view of the water environment problems as said above, the adjustment and control countermeasures of water resource utilizaion were suggested, which can be used as references by the policy making departments in the districts (cities) and provinces (cities) concerned.