演进与变革:留学生与近代中国军事航空

Evolution and Transformation:The Returned Students and Modern Chinese Military Aviation

近代以来,随着飞机广泛运用于军事领域,中国逐渐意识到其在未来战争中的巨大作用,从1909年始到1949年的41年间,多次选派留学生赴英、美、苏、法等国家学习先进的军事航空技术和飞机制造技术。这些军事留学生回国后,积极主持或参与中国飞机的研制工作,试制成功中国最早的水上飞机、仿苏E-16驱逐机、运输机等,促进了中国军事航空工业的发展;积极组建雷达部队、重型轰炸部队、空中照相侦察部队,增加了空军新兵种,在抗日战争中名噪一时;担任空军高级将领,充当空军基层训练教育的骨干,担任军事航空学校的高级职务,成为空军教育与训练的核心力量。他们的杰出工作,不仅开启了近代中国的军事航空事业,同时为中国军事航空事业的演进与变革作出了重要贡献。

With the wide use of airplanes in military fields in the modem times, China has become aware of the importance of airplanes in future wars and has been sending students to the UK, the US, the Soviet Union and France to study advanced military aviation technology and airplane manufacturing technology, The returned students throw themselves into the research and manufacturing of Chinese airplanes, and they have successfully manufactured the first Chinese seaplanes, imitation of Soviet E-16 pursuit planes and sky trucks, accelerating the development of Chinese military aviation industry; they have actively set up radar units, heavy bomber units as weU as photoreconnaissance units, expanding new air arms ; they assume the office of air force generals, and become the backbones of basic training and instruction of the air force; they hold the post of high-class offices, and are the core force of education and exercitation. Their outstanding endeavors not only initiate the modern Chinese military aviation, but also make great contributions to the evolution and transformation of Chinese military aviation.