1933年鲁迅对胡适的批评

Lu Xun's Critisms to Hu Shi in 1933

1933年初,胡适作为"中国民权保障同盟"北平分会的主席,公然替政府当局掩饰罪责,指责中国民权保障同盟总会。此后鲁迅在《申报.自由谈》上发表了《王道诗话》和《"光明所到"》等一系列文章批评胡适,而台湾个别学者认为鲁迅是公报私仇。其实,通过史料的发掘和解读,可以发现,鲁迅对胡适的批评揭示了某些自由知识分子宣扬的自由精神的虚妄性,揭示出在民族危机的时代,知识阶层思想层面出现的某些更为复杂的方面。其特点是在用"戏仿"的修辞手段和批评策略,在多重反讽中对胡适当时的某些行为及其隐含的思想进行了鞭辟入里的剖析。在第一篇文章中,鲁迅戏仿了胡适的"人权说"、"实验主义"和"鹦鹉对话",并用诗话的形式对胡适替当局说话、压制民主的言行予以反讽。在第二篇文章中,鲁迅使用了三重戏仿的方式,对胡适关于北平监狱的调查进行颠倒性的讽喻,并对谁代表光明与谁维护黑暗作了有说服力的辩证。

At the beginning of the year 1933, Hu Shi, as the chairman of Beiping Branch of Chinese Civil Rights Guarantee Alliance, criticizes the alliance to cover up govemment~ fault. Lu Xun publishes a series of articles on a column ＂Zyyoutan＂ of the newspaper ＂Shenbao＂ to criticize Hu Shi. Some people consider that Lu Xun avenges personal wrongs in the name of public interests. With the discovery and analysis of some historical materials, we can find that Lu Xun uses ＂ parody＂ as a rhetoric and critical tactics to make a minute analysis of Hu Shi＇s statements and actions. In the first article, Lu Xun makes three parodies for ＂ human right＂, ＂pragmatism＂ and ＂ dialogue between parrots＂ and then uses a poetic talk to ridicule Hu Shi who has safeguarded the government interests and suppressed democracy. In the second article, Lu Xun creates an art form named ＂three -layer parody＂ to deride his survey of the Beiping＇s prison, and then discriminates between the bright and the dark. Lu Xun＇s articles subtly delineate not only the fabricated quality of ＂ freedom spirit＂ propagated by some intellectuals but also the complicated thoughts of the intellectuals in the age of national crisis.