《巴塞尔危险废物越境转移所造成损害之责任与赔偿议定书》评析

Commentary on the Protocol on Liability and Compensation of Basel Convention

为增强《控制危险废物越境转移及其处置巴塞尔公约》的约束力,其缔约方大会制定了《巴塞尔危险废物越境转移所造成损害之责任与赔偿议定书》。该议定书加强了公约的有效性与执行性,强化了公约的法律性质,其体系完备,在归责原则上,既包括严格责任原则,又包括过错责任原则,而且议定书具有开放性。同时,它也存在重大缺憾。议定书中的责任被限制在转移和处置过程中,它未能建立国际基金,没有关于国家责任的具体规定,在大多数情况下废物产生者不必承担责任。可以说,议定书并不能充分完成责任赔偿的目的与使命。发展中国家与发达国家对之皆有不满,议定书的普遍接受与完善仍任重道远。

To strengthen the binding force of Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, the conference of the parties enacted Basel Protocol on Liability and Compensation for Damage Resulting from Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal. This protocol has achieved great success. It strengthens the effectiveness and enforcement of the Convention. The coming forth of the protocol further strengthens the legal nature of the Convention; its structure is perfect ; it includes both principle of fault liability and principle of strict liability ; it is a open - system. At the same time, it also has some obvious shortcomings： liability is limited to the process of transportation and disposition ; it fails to establish an international fund ; it does not include concrete rules on state responsibility; the generators of hazardous waste do not need to assume liability under most circumstances. It can not sufficiently fulfill its purpose. Both developing countries and developed countries are not satisfied with the protocol completely, and then, it is a time - consuming hard work for this protocol to be adopted generally and improved fully.