比较文学:越界与融通——兼评马焯荣先生的“泛比较文学论”

Comparative Literature:Transgression and Compromise

当今围绕比较文学的“危机”有种种争论。一些学者认为,危机乃是源于当初“比较文学”这一学科的命名本身就是名不副实的,它导致了后来种种混乱的产生,使比较文学越来越走向无边与无根。走出危机,首先需要正名,重新回到法国学派。而有的学者则反过来提出了“泛比较文学论”的概念,主张进一步扩大比较文学的研究范围。其实,真正的问题在于,当今关于比较文学学科边界的争论,根源不在于所研究的那些东西是否有意义,而是学科之间画地为牢、占山为王的结果。其实,“未完成”反而意味着变化与新生的可能,围绕比较文学学科现状与未来的种种“焦虑”也就大可不必了。

Among the various arguments about comparative literature crisis, some scholars hold that the crisis results from its inappropriate name, which in turn leads to all the confusion and causes it to head for boundlessness and rootlessness. For release from the crisis, it is prior to correct the name and return to the French School. However, some other scholars come up with pan-comparatlve literature concept, advocating enlargement of its research scope. In fact, the real problem is that the root of the argument is not the meaningfulness of the research but the consequence of various discipline/subject separation and self-centralism. Actually, it is not necessary to worry about its present state and future, for ＂unaccomplishment＂ means possibilities of change and regeneration.