论当事人意思自治在国际合同法律适用中的发展――兼评民法《草案》第9编涉外合同法律适用的规定

On the Development of Party Autonomy in the Applicable Law to International Contracts——with Discussion on Part 9 in Draft Civil Law about the Applicable Law to International Contracts

意思自治在国际合同法律适用中表现出扩张和受限两种不同的趋势。晚近国际私法立法一方面对意思自治的方式、时间以及其适用范围规定得越来越宽松,另一方面,强调当事人的意思自治不能排除强制性规则,并将特殊合同与一般合同相分割,限制意思自治在特殊合同中的适用。意思自治在国际合同法律适用中的这种发展趋势有其深刻的理论基础。我国民法《草案》第9编扩大了国际合同法律适用中当事人选择法律的范围,增加了排除当事人意思自治的合同,还将意思自治延伸到国际合同形式的法律适用。但是,参考国际合同法律适用中当事人意思自治的发展,借鉴国际立法经验,我国民法《草案》的相关规定还存在缺陷,应当对其进行完善。

There are two different trends of the development of party autonomy in the applicable law to international contracts. On the one hand, the latest legislation of private international law loosens the limits of the formation and the time and the applicable range of party autonomy. On the other hand, the legislation stipulates that party autonomy cannot exclude the mandatory rules and separates the special contracts from general contracts and restricts party autonomy applicable to special contracts. The developments of party autonomy are based on profound academic foundation. The part 9 of draft civil law in China enlarges the applicable range of party autonomy and excludes more contracts from party autonomy and prolongs the party autonomy applicable to the form of international contracts. But＇reference to the development of party autonomy applicable to international contract and the experience of international legislation, there are defaults in draft civil law and we should perfect the relative provisions.