71例电损伤患者流行病学调查分析

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRICAL INJURIES OF 71 PATIENTS

目的探讨佛山地区电损伤流行病学的规律。方法对1998年9月～2004年10月以来收治的71例电损伤患者的流行病学资料进行分析。结果①发病率男性多于女性,男性占87.3%,女性占12.6%。②电损伤发病率和患者的年龄关系密切,青壮年37例,占52.1%,16岁以下的少年和幼儿为14例,占19.9%。③从患者的职业构成来看,外来工51例,占71.8%。④高压电致伤者52例,占73.2%,低压电致伤者14例,占19.7%。⑤死亡率7.0%,伤残率为67.6%。由于治疗费用高、预后差,有一定数量(12.6%)的患者中途放弃治疗。⑥有12例(16.9%)伤时出现呼吸心跳停止,其中7例(58.3%)患者由于早期心肺复苏不够及时,遗留严重缺血缺氧性脑病,影响患者后期的生活质量。结论加强对外来工安全用电知识的培训和用电安全的管理,同时普及现场急救知识对提高电损伤治疗效果有很强的现实意义。

Objective To investigate the territorial epidemiology of electrical injury. Methods The epidemiology including age, sex, occupation, wounded voltage of 71 cases electrical injury patients admitted to our department from 1998, Sep. to 2004, Oct. were retrospectively reviewed. Results （1）The number of male patients （87. 3% ） surpassed that of female （ 12. 6% ）. （2）The possibility of incidence of electricity injuries correlated to the ages of patients. Among these patients 37 （52. 1% ） were adolescents and adults. 14 （19.9%） were infant and teen - agers under 16 - year - old. （3）51 （71.8%） patients were migrant workers. （4）52 （73.2%） patients were exposed to high voltage, and 14 （ 19.7 % ） patients to low voltage. （5）The mortality rate （7.0%） and morbidity （67.6%） rate were comparatively high. A number of patients （ 12. 6% ） gave up their treatments midway because of their poor economy. （6）12 （ 16. 9% ） cases of patients have cardiac and respiratory arrest before admission. 7 of 12 patients with cardiac and respiratory arrest had serious complications because of their lacking efficient first aid. Conclusion A series education of migrant workers with respect to correct use of electricity and safe electricity - using management are the most efficient methods to decrease electrical accident incidence. The popular knowledge of first aid to enhance the treating effect of electrical injury also has practical significance.