载脂蛋白的结构和功能与病毒病的预防和治疗

Structure and Function of Apolipoprotein and Prevention and Therapy of Virus Diseases

载脂蛋白(apo)是脂蛋白的重要组成成分,其主要功能是调节酶活性,介导细胞受体与脂蛋白结合,保持脂蛋白结构的稳定性。目前已发现数十种载脂蛋白,其结构的显著特点是分子中具有多个双性alpha螺旋及Beta-折叠结构。载脂蛋白的这种双性alpha螺旋结构是其结合及转运脂质的结构基础。在HIV外壳结构中的一种糖蛋白(gp)也具有这种alpha螺旋结构。近年研究表明,载脂蛋白和由载脂蛋白组成的脂质体还具有抗肝炎病毒、抗HIV病毒、抗单纯疱疹和中和细菌内毒素的功能。以脂蛋白和载脂蛋白为主要成分构成的脂质体已成为运载抗病毒和抗肿瘤药物受体的靶向性载体。

Apolipoprotein, an important component of the lipoproteins, modulates the activity of enzyme, introduces the binding of cell receptor and lipoproteins, and keeps the structural stability of lipoproteins. The amphipathic helices structure in apolipoproteins is the structural basis that it binds and transports lipids. A certain envelope glycoprotein （gp） in the outer membrane of HIV also has been found to be with such amphipathic helices structure. Recent studies have shown that the liposome consisted of apolipoproteins and phospholipids may defend against HCV, HIV, and herpes simplex virus, and even neutralize the endotoxin released by bacteria. The liposome made up of apolipoproteins and phospholipid has became a potential carrier for antitumor and anti-virus drugs.