介观物理系统中的噪声

Noise in mesoscopic physics

描述了介观物理系统中噪声的研究现况.对热噪声和散粒噪声的物理起源做了详细介绍,热噪声是系统的能态占据数发生涨落引起的,而散粒噪声源于载流子传输的微粒特性.还介绍了研究噪声的主要理论——散射理论,并给出了其在马鞍形半导体量子线和铁磁/绝缘体/半导体双异质结两种介观系统中的应用,指出了噪声研究的实际物理意义.

We present a review on the noise in mesoscopic physics. The main sources of noise are briefed. The fluctuations in the occupation number give rise to thermal noise, while shot noise is a consequence of the quantization of charge. We introduce the main theory of noise——scattering theory, which has been applied to saddle-shaped semiconductor quantum wires and ferromagnetic/insulator/semiconductor double heterojunctions. The physical significance of the study of noise are pointed out.