激光聚变靶用空心玻璃微球制备方法

PREPARATION METHODS OF HOLLOW GLASS MICROSPHERES USED FOR LASER FUSION TARGETS

高质量的空心玻璃微球一直是激光惯性约束聚变实验最广泛采用的靶丸之一,因商用空心玻璃微球的生产方法不能满足实验需要,陆续开发了新的制备方法,如液滴法、干凝胶法、溅射法和降解芯轴技术等。综述了几种方法的制备原理、成球过程、微球产品的特点、在惯性约束聚变实验制靶中的地位以及国内外发展现状等。液滴法制备的微球直径小、壁较薄,干凝胶法制备的微球直径稍大、壁较厚,溅射法主要用于制备阻气层,而降解芯轴技术则将空心玻璃微球产品直径和壁厚范围扩大,所制备的空心玻璃微球是所有制备方法中直径最大和性能最好的。

High quality hollow glass microspheres are one of the most widely used targets for innertial confinement laser-driven fusion experiments. The available commercial products are not sufficient for these experiments, so new methods were developed for this specific purpose. The new methods include the liquid droplet method, the dried-gel method, the sputtering method and the depolymerizable mandrel technique. The preparation mechanism and process, the glass shell properties, status and situation of these preparation methods in the target preparation experiment in innertial confinement fusion were analyzed and summarized. Glass shells made fi＇om the liquid droplets are smaller in diameter and thinner in wall thickness. Glass shells made fi＇om the dried-gel method are larger and thicker. The glass coatings produced by sputtering can provide a permeation barrier. The depolymerizable mandrel technique greatly extends the range of diameter and wall thickness, and can prepare the most excellent glass shell with the optimal size and properties.